Hi Wattie,
What it means is that I've bought options (stock derivatives) in the S&P (SPX) and Tesla (TSLA). These are "puts" as I'm wagering that both instruments will decline. The opposite of a "put" is a "call".
Options have expiry dates and I've wagered that the S&P will get close to 3000 points by February's monthly expiration (the third Friday of the month), and will get close to 2000 points by the May expiration; as regards TSLA, this gapped up following its recent earnings report, and I have wagered that it will retreat to its pre-earnings value by February's monthly expiration. The S&P 3000 trade was originally placed as a cheap "hedge" to protect my long positions; the S&P 2000 trade was placed as (an even cheaper) lottery ticket trade in case of a crash (which we may now be facing) with a reward:risk ratio of 115:1 if it comes off. The TSLA trade was placed last week as, historically, the stock likes to fill price gaps. The R:R on that trade is 32:1.
The trades I've placed are "out the money" (OTM) as they have no intrinsic value as the stock has not yet fallen to the level I've wagered. Their value is presently only measured by time (extrinsic value), and this decays as we get nearer expiration. Because of this, they are cheaper than "in the money" (ITM) options which have an intrinsic value at the point of purchase. In the event that the SPX and TSLA options move "into the money", the options will pick up value very quickly.
So what MaseratiGent was saying is that, in circumstances in which the markets could move sharply downwards, it may be worth risking the (normally) improbable by purchasing cheap OTM puts as, if they come off, the returns can be healthy. He then went on to say that a lot had been "priced in"; this is because in times of low volatility, put options are cheap, but they become more expensive as volatility increases. So the risk:reward which I got when I bought my OTM SPX puts in December would not be the same if I bought those options today.
As regards "butterflies" this refers to the type of spread trades which I have placed, best explained here:
https://www.investopedia.com/articles/optioninvestor/09/profit-out-of-the-money-butterfly.asp
Hope this helps!